Desempeño agronómico y fisiológico de variedades nativas de tomate mexicano sometidas a deficiencias de agua y nutrientes
Performance of native varieties of Mexican tomatoes submitted to water and nutrient deficiencies
Resumen
El agua y los nutrimentos minerales son factores esenciales para el crecimiento vegetal y la producción agrícola. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la respuesta a reducción combinada de agua y de nutrientes (25%) de cuatro poblaciones nativas de tomate y de un híbrido comercial, en comparación con un régimen de riego y nutrición suficiente (100%). Las principales variables evaluadas durante el ciclo de cultivo fueron: área foliar, biomasa, rendimiento, tamaño y número de frutos por planta, número de lóculos por fruto, firmeza, sólidos solubles totales, tasa fotosintética y eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA). Se encontró que el híbrido comercial superó a los tomates nativos en área foliar, biomasa total, y en rendimiento de fruto, con y sin déficit hídrico. Entre los tomates nativos (que no han sido sometido al mejoramiento genético formal) sobresalió OAX por su alto potencial de rendimiento de fruto (estadísticamente similar al del híbrido) y por su alta EUA, tanto en ambiente favorable como en estrés hídrico-nutrimental. La var. EMX destacó por su tolerancia al estrés expresada en rendimiento de fruto y en tasa de fotosíntesis. La var. PUE mostró tolerancia al estrés en área foliar y en biomasa total, así como buen rendimiento. Por su parte la var. CAM tuvo el más alto contenido de sólidos solubles totales, tanto con y sin estrés. Estos resultados evidencian el potencial de los tomates nativos en productividad y calidad de fruto, que puede ser aprovechada directamente para producción comercial y como donadores de genes para formar nuevas variedades mejoradas.
Citas
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