Dos eventos genéticos sobresalientes en carcinoma oral de células escamosas: Variante c.-93 G>A y metilación del promotor de MLH1
Two genetic events present in oral squamous cell carcinoma: c.-93 G>A variant and MLH1 promoter methylation
Resumen
El cáncer oral en México, se ubica en el lugar 21 en incidencia y 24 en mortalidad, sin embargo, cada década su incidencia aumenta debido a la exposición a factores de riesgo que han sido asociados a esta neoplasia: consumo de tabaco y alcohol, exposiciones virales y eventos genéticos específicos dentro de los que destacan la presencia de la variante c.-93G>A y la metilación del gen MLH1, por lo que el objetivo de la presente revisión se centra en describir el impacto de estos dos eventos en el desarrollo de cáncer oral de células escamosas (COCE). Se ha propuesto que la SNV c.-93G>A en el gen MLH1 puede estar relacionada con alteraciones en la tasa transcripcional, además de asociarse con el riesgo y pronóstico del COCE, mientras que la metilación se ha asociado con una disminución e incluso supresión de la expresión proteica. Ambas alteraciones repercuten sobre la expresión de la proteína, afectado el proceso de reparación del DNA y al ser parte esencial de fisiopatología es relevante realizar el análisis de la variante c.-93 G>A y la metilación del gen MLH1 en pacientes con carcinoma oral de células escamosas.
Citas
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