Impacto de factores de concentración en la calidad del agua subterránea en el norte-centro de México
Impact of enrichment factors to groundwater quality in north-central Mexico
Resumen
Se analizaron datos de calidad de agua subterránea de los estados de Chihuahua, Coahuila y Durango (N=704) para determinar la distribución de tres contaminantes comúnmente presentes en el área, arsénico (As), fluoruro (F), y nitrato (NO3-N), y determinar el efecto de factores de enriquecimiento. Dichos factores incluyen evaporación, intemperismo de rocas, HCO3, y solidos disueltos totales (SDT). Se construyeron mapas de concentración y se obtuvieron correlaciones para contaminantes entre sí, así como entre los contaminantes y factores de enriquecimiento. Los resultados muestran que los procesos más importantes de enriquecimiento de As y F son el intemperismo de rocas y en segundo lugar la evaporación, y para NO3-N el uso de suelo (agricultura) y la evaporación. La correlación entre As y F fue moderada (ρ= 0.417, p< 0.001) y no se encontró correlación entre As o F con NO3-N, SDT ni HCO3, lo que sugiere que la variación de tanto SDT como HCO3 dentro del área de estudio son insuficientes para afectar en forma significativa el contenido de As ó F. Asimismo, no se encontró una diferencia significativa entre el contenido de As ó F entre cuencas cerradas o cuencas abiertas. En contraste, NO3-N se encontró fuertemente asociado con SDT y ambos SDT y NO3-N concentrados en cuencas cerradas. Consecuencias indirectas de este estudio incluyen la identificación de 23 pozos con concentraciones extremas de As-F y la comparación de coberturas de datos entre los tres estados bajo estudio.
Citas
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