Un acercamiento a los fundamentos y aplicaciones de la nanotecnología
An approach to the fundamentals and applications of nanotechnology
Resumen
La nanotecnología consiste en la comprensión, manipulación y aprovechamiento de las propiedades que tienen los materiales en la nanoescala, es decir, en dimensiones que se encuentran en el rango de 1 a 100 nm, para desarrollar productos con utilidad práctica. En la década de 1990 inició la revolución nanotecnológica gracias a una mejor comprensión de las propiedades de la materia en la nanoescala. Estas propiedades novedosas se derivan de una gran área superficial e incluyen una mayor reactividad química, depresión de las temperaturas de fusión, alta resistencia mecánica, elevada conductividad eléctrica, efectos ópticos inusuales, entre otras. La nanotecnología permite el desarrollo de materiales innovadores con aplicaciones en todas las ramas de la industria. Destacan las industrias biomédica, farmacéutica, electrónica, química, alimentaria, agrícola, de la construcción, textil, cosmética, de deportes y manufacturera. A pesar de estar presente en artículos de uso cotidiano, la sociedad tiene percepciones erróneas sobre la nanotecnología, principalmente debido a la desinformación. La presente comunicación tiene como objetivo informar objetivamente sobre el concepto de nanotecnología a través de presentar, de una manera sencilla, los fundamentos de esta disciplina y ofrecer ejemplos de aplicaciones reales.
Citas
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