El género Fouquieria: una revisión de aspectos etnobotánicos, fitoquímica y actividad biológica
The genus Fouquieria: description and review of ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and biotechnological aspects
Resumen
Las plantas del género Fouquieria se distribuyen en las zonas áridas de México y Estados Unidos de América. Siendo los estados de Durango, Zacatecas, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Baja California, Baja California Sur y Chihuahua donde éstas se distribuyen especialmente en México; y en Arizona, Nuevo México, Nevada, Colorado, y Utah en Estados Unidos de América. Tienen usos diversos ya sea como plantas de ornato, plantas medicinales o alimento. Las infrutescencias de este género son en forma de panícula, color rojo anaranjado de forma alargada y acampanada. Según la comunidad rural, los tallos, raíces y flores de estas especies se utilizaban en la medicina tradicional para tratar enfermedades cardiovasculares y trastornos del sistema urinario, entre otras. Hoy en día, las investigaciones demuestran que los extractos tienen entre algunas otras actividades, la antimicrobiana, antihelmíntica, e insecticida, cuyos efectos son atribuidos a metabolitos secundarios (fenoles, saponinas terpenoides, alcanos, etc.). En esta revisión se dan a conocer los usos etnobotánicos, características fitoquímicas, actividad biológica y estudios tecnológicos reportados del género Fouquieria.
Citas
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