Bio-tecnologías ambientales para el tratamiento de residuos ganaderos
Environmental biotechnologies for livestock manure treatment
Resumen
La gestión para el manejo y tratamiento de residuos producidos en sociedades modernas representa un reto para la atenuación de la contaminación ambiental. Los residuos de tipo orgánico requieren de tecnologías que ayuden a minimizar el impacto ambiental, principalmente en áreas donde los excedentes dificultan su absorción en el suelo de manera natural. Algunas tecnologías utilizadas en el tratamiento de desechos ganaderos representan alternativas eficaces para reducir impactos ambientales, pérdida de nutrientes así como para generar productos de valor comercial. Sin embargo, la selección y adaptación de estas técnicas suelen dificultarse de acuerdo a diversas estrategias de manejo y legislaciones que existen entre países y regiones. Adicionalmente, es importante que los productores consideren los aspectos sociales, ecológicos y económicos para adoptar técnicas de fácil operatividad, sin costos excesivos, que satisfagan sus requerimientos y puedan realizarse bajo el marco de legislación ambiental vigente. Entre las tecnologías que generalmente se han adoptado en diversas regiones y comunidades rurales sobresalen la bio-metanización y el compostaje. Este documento explora aquellas técnicas que han sido desarrolladas para el tratamiento de estiércoles asociados a los procesos de eliminación, concentración, conversión o en la in- movilización de uno o más de los componentes presentes en los mismos.
Citas
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