Actitudes sexuales y uso del condón en estudiantes universitarios de Ciudad Juárez, México
Sexual attitudes and condom use among university students in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Resumen
Objetivo: Describir actitudes, conductas sexuales y prevalencia de uso del condón entre los estudiantes de una universidad mexicana en la frontera de México con Estados Unidos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo con una muestra de 561 estudiantes universitarios quienes dieron su consentimiento informado previo a la aplicación de un cuestionario que se depositó en una urna cerrada y sellada para garantizar confidencialidad. Se realizó análisis univariado para describir las características generales de la muestra y se compararon grupos con respecto a conductas sexuales de riesgo mediante el cálculo de la razón de momios con intervalos de confianza al 95 % y prueba de ji cuadrada de Pearson. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con el programa SPSS versión 15 para Windows. Resultados: El 69.2 % (n=379) refieren antecedentes de actividad sexual coital. En promedio el inicio de la vida sexual para los hombres fue de 16.9 años y de 18.3 años para las mujeres; el 35.9 % no utilizaron condón en su primera relación. El 76.8 % reportaron vida sexual activa en los últimos 6 meses, y solo un tercera parte de ellos (33.9 %) reportó siempre usar condón para relaciones coitales. Una proporción baja (35.3 %) reportó antecedentes de exámenes de detección de ITS, pero la mayoría (90.7 %) estaba dispuesto a practicárselos. A pesar de que la mayoría (92 %) ha recibido información sobre uso de condón y de conductas de riesgo para transmisión de VIH/SIDA e ITS, más de la mitad (55.1 %) mostraron disposición para participar en talleres educativos sobre este tema. En este artículo además se reportan los resultados de otras características, actitudes y conductas sexuales y prevalencia de comportamientos de alto riesgo para contraer VIH/SIDA e ITS de estos estudiantes.
Conclusiones: Los universitarios estudiados en esta ciudad fronteriza de México forman un grupo sexualmente activo con riesgo alto para adquirir ITS por sus actitudes y características de comportamiento sexual. Es necesario desarrollar e implementar campañas de promoción de uso del condón y para detección oportuna y tratamiento de ITS en este grupo.
Abstract
Objective: Describe sexual attitudes and behaviors, and prevalence of condom use among students in a mexican university on the Mexico-United States border
Material and methods: A descriptive study with a sample of 561 university students who gave informed consent prior to the application of a questionnaire that they deposited in a closed and sealed box to guarantee confidentiality. Univariable analysis was done to describe general characteristics of the sample, and risk sexual behaviors were compared between groups using odds ratio with confidence intervals and Pearson ́s chi square test. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 15 for Windows.
Results: 69.2 % (n=379) reported history of prior sexual activity. The mean age for start of sexual activity was 16.9 years for men and 18.3 years for women; 35.9 % (n=136) did not use a condom for their first life-time sexual relation. 76.8 % (n=289) had an active sex life in the past six-months, with only a third of them (n=98) reporting to always use a condom for sexual relations. A low proportion (35.3 %) reported ever having had a laboratory test to detect an STD, but most (90.7 %) stated that they would be willing to undergo a test. Although most (92 %) had received information about condom use and high-risk behaviors for HIV/AIDS and STD transmission in the past, more than half (55.1 %) showed interest to participate in educational workshops. Other results about characteristics and attitudes of sexual behaviors and prevalence of high-risk behaviors for contracting HIV/AIDS and STD’s of these students are discussed in this report. Conclusions: The University students studied in this Mexican border city represent a sexually active group at high risk for contracting HIV/AIDS or STDs given their attitudes and characteristics of sexual behaviors. It is necessary to develop and implement condom promotion campaigns and early detection and treatment of HIV/AIDS and STDs in this group.
Keywords: Condom use, sexual behavior, STD’s, sexually active, university students, Mexico.
Citas
Abma, J. C. & F. L. Sonenstein. 2001. Sexual activity and contraceptive practices among teenagers in the United States, 1998 and 1995. Vital Health Stat 23 (21):1-79. https://doi.org/10.1037/e304002003-001
Albarracin, D., R. M. Ho, P. S. McNatt, W. R. Williams, F. Rhodes, C. K. Malotte, T. Hoxworth, G. A. Bolan J. Zenilman, & M. Iatesta. 2000. Structure of outcome beliefs in condom use. Health Psychology 19(5): 458-468. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.19.5.458
Beckman, L. J., S. M. Harvey & L. A. Tiersky. 1996. Attitudes about condom and condom use among college students. College Health 44(6):243-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.1996.9936851
Benagiano, G., G. Rezza & S. Vella. 2000. Condom use for preventing the spread of HIV-AIDS: an ethical imperative. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 93(9): 453-456. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107680009300902
Biro, F., S. Rosenthal, S. Cotton, L. Mills & P. Succop. 2001. Predicting age of sexual debut in adolescent girls. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 14(3):145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1083-3188(01)00118-8
Brawley, S., M. B. Adam & C. Heilman. 2001. NIH condom review sends message that prevention efforts need fine tuning. Aids Alert 16(9):109-10. https://tinyurl.com/ynx7tde5
Civic, D. 2000. College students´reasons for nonuse of condoms within dating relationships. J Sex Marital Ther 26(1):95-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/009262300278678
Cohen, D., R. Scribner, R. Bedino & A. T. Farley. 1999. Cost as a barrier to condom use: the evidence of condom subsidies in the United States. American Journal of Public Health 89(4): 567-568. https://doi.org/10.2105%2Fajph.89.4.567
Critelli, J. W. & D. M. Suire. 1998. Obstacles to condom use: the combination of other forms of birth control and short-term monogamy. J Am Coll Health 46(5): 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448489809600225
De Visser, R., A. Smith & J. Richters. 2005. Can we generalise to other young people from studies of sexual risk behaviour among university students? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 29(5):436-441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2005.tb00223.x
Diiorio, C., W. N. Dudley, S. Lehr & J. E. Soet. 2000. Correlates of safer sex communication among college students. J Adv Nurs 32(3):658-665. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01525.x
Eggleston, E. 1998. Use of family planning at first sexual intercourse among young adults in Ecuador. J Biosoc Sci. 30(4):501-10 https://doi.org/10.1017/s002193209800501x
Fraga, M. A., W. Dávila, A. C. Vargas-Ojeda, J. Bucardo, T. L. Patterson & H. S. Staines. 2008. Uso del condón en estudiantes universitarios de Tijuana. Expresiones Médicas 4(3): 95-104. https://tinyurl.com/3tt9jzwv
Gagnon, M. & G. Godin. 2000. The impact of new antiretroviral treatment on college students intention to use a condom with a new sexual partner. AIDS Education and Prevention 12(3):239-251. https://tinyurl.com/5f526ud8
Leitenberg, H. & H. Saltzman. 2000. A statewide survey of age at first intercourse for adolescent female and age of their male partners: relation to other risk behaviors and statutory rape implications. Arch Sex Behav 29(3):203-215. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1001920212732
Lewis, L. M, R. S. Melton, P. A. Succop & S.L. Rosenthal. 2000. Factors influencing condom use and STD acquisition among African American college woman. College Health 49(1):19-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480009596278
Lollis, C., E. Johnson & M. Antoni. 1997. The efficacy of the health belief model for predicting condom usage and risky sexual practices in university students. AIDS Education and Prevention 9(6): 551-563.
Ma, Q., M. Ono-Kihara, L. Cong, G. Xu, S. Zamani, S.M. Ravari & M. Kihara. 2006. Sexual behavior and awareness of chinese university students in transition with implied risk of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 6:232-243. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-232
Manning, W. D., M. A. Longmore & P.C. Giordano. 2000. The relationship context of contraceptive use at first intercourse. Fam Plann Perspect 32(3):104-110. https://tinyurl.com/42tyvhjk
Manzini, N. Sexual initiation and childbearing among adolescent girls in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Reprod Health Matters 9(17):44-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-8080(01)90007-2
McNair, L. D., J. A. Carter & M. K. Williams. 1998. Self-esteem, gender, and alcohol use: relationships with HIV risk perception and behaviors in college students. J Sex marital Ther. 24(1):29-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926239808414666
Micher, J. M. & J. S. Silva. 1997. Nivel de conocimientos y prácticas de riesgo para enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS). SIDA- ETS 3(3):68-73.
Mogilevkina, I., T. Tydén & V. Odlind. 2001. Ukrainian medical students´ experiences, attitudes, and knowledge about reproductive health. J Am Coll Health 49(6):269-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109596313
Natera, G. & J. Mora. 2001. Expectativas, consumo de alcohol y problemas asociados en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de México. Salud Publica Mex 43(2):89-96. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=10643204
Nemcic, N., S. Novak, L. Maric, I. Novosel, O. Kronja, D. Hren, A. Marusic & M. Marusic. 2005. Development and validation of questionnaire measuring attitudes towards sexual health among university students. Croatian Medical Journal 46(1):52-57. https://tinyurl.com/t66w4nzx
Ortíz-Ortega, A., G. García, F. Galván, P. Cravioto, F. Paz, C. Díaz-Olavarrieta, C. Ellertson & A. Cravioto. 2003. Abortion, contraceptive use, and adolescent pregnancy among first- year medical students at a major public university in Mexico City. Rev Panam Salud Publica/Pan Am J Public Health 14(2):125-130. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892003000700008
Peltzer, K. 2000. Factors affecting condom use among South African university students. East African Medical Journal 77(1):46-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v77i1.46384
Piedra, K.A., B. O´Brien & S. C. Pillon. 2005. Drugs use and risk behavior in a university community. Rev Latino-am Enfermagem 13(No. Especial):1194-1200. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692005000800014
Pillon, S. C., B. O´Brien & K. A. Piedra. 2005. The relationship between drugs use and risk behaviors in brazilian university students. Rev Latino-am Enfermagem 13(No. Especial):1169-1176. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692005000800011
Poulin, C. & L. Graham. 2001. The association between substance use, unplanned sexual intercourse and other sexual behaviours among adolescent students. Addiction 96(4):607-621. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9646079.x
Poulson, R., M. Eppler, T. Satterwhite, K. Wuensch & L. Bass. 1998. Alcohol consumption, strength of religious beliefs, and risky sexual behavior in college students. College Health 46(5): 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448489809600227
Prince, A. & A. L. Bernard. 1998. Sexual Behavior and safer sex practices of college students on a commuter campus. College Health 47(1):11-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448489809595614
Sallah, E. D., M. Grunitzky-Bekele, K. Bassabi, K. Dodzro, A. Sadzo, A. K. Balogou, E. K. Grunitzky & L. Gaudreau. 1999. Sexual behavior, knowledge and attitudes to AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases of students at the University of Benin (Togo). Santee 9(2):101-109
Sigusch, V. 1998. The neosexual revolution. Arch Sexual Behavior 27(4): 331-358. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018715525493
Sneed, C. D., D. E. Morisky, M.J. Rotheram-Borus, V. Ebin, C.K. Malotte, M. Lyde & J. K. Gill. 2001. «Don´t know» and «didn´t think of it»: condom use at first intercourse by Latino adolescents. AIDS Care 13(3):303-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120120043955
Sueiro, E., J. L. Diéguez & A. González. 1998. Jóvenes que realizan estudios universitarios: salud sexual y reproductiva. Aten Primaria 21(5):283-288
Tydén, T., C. Björkelun, V. Odlind & S. E. Olsson. 1996. Increased use of condom among female university students: a 5-year follow-up of sexual behavior. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 75(6): 579-584. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349609054675
Upchurch, D. M., L. Levy-Storms, C. A. Sucoff & C. S. Aneshensel. 1998. Gender and ethnic differences in the timing of first sexual intercourse. Fam Plann Perspect 30(3):121-7. https://doi.org/10.2307/2991625
Weinberg, M. S., I. Lottes & D. Aveline. 1998. AIDS risk reduction strategies among Unites States and Swedish heterosexual university students. Archives of Sexual Behavior 27 (4): 385-401. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018788126402
Wendt, S. J. & L.J. Solomon. 1995. Barriers to condom use among heterosexual male and female college students. College Health 44(3):105-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.1995.9939102
Derechos de autor 2020 TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0.
