Fuentes de carbono económicas para la producción de bioplásticos bacterianos
Economic carbon sources for bacterial bioplastic production
Resumen
Los plásticos, particularmente aquellos producidos a partir del petróleo, son utilizados ampliamente debido a sus propiedades mecánicas y fisicoquímicas. Sin embargo, estos materiales son poco biocompatibles y muestran resistencia a procesos de degradación, por lo que tienden a acumularse ocasionando efectos detrimentales al ambiente. Como sustituto a los petroplásticos (plásticos derivados del petróleo) se pueden emplear polímeros de origen biológico, que poseen propiedades similares a sus contrapartes sintéticas, pero una mayor biocompatibilidad. La mayoría de los bioplásticos (plásticos de origen biológico) muestran costos de producción más elevados que petroplásticos similares, lo que constituye una gran desventaja. En esta revisión se presenta una breve reseña de la biosíntesis bacteriana de polihidroxibutiratos (PHB) y polihidroxivaleratos (PHV ) a partir de fuentes de carbono consideradas como subproductos o desechos de actividades agrícolas o industriales. La selección de una fuente de carbono económica puede cerrar parcialmente la brecha económica entre la producción de bioplásticos y la producción de petroplásticos.
Abstract
Plastics, particularly those produced f rom crude oil, are widely used due to their mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Nevertheless, these materials are poorly biocompatible and show resistance to degradation processes; therefore, they tend to accumulate, causing detrimental effects on the environment. Polymers of biological origin that have similar properties but higher biocompatibility, can be used as a substitute to petroplastics (petroleum-based plastics). Most bioplastics (biologically obtained plastics) have higher production costs than similar petroplastics, which represents a great disadvantage. In this review, a brief account of bacterial polyhydroxybutirate (PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV ) biosynthesis using carbon sources deemed as byproducts or waste of agricultural or industrial activities is presented. Choosing an economical carbon source can partially close the economic gap between bioplastic and petroplastic production.
Keywords: Polyhydroxybutirate, polyhydroxyvalerate, bioplastics, biocompatibility, biosynthesis.
Citas
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