El zinc como promotor de crecimiento y fructificación en el nogal pecanero
The zinc as a promoter of growth and fruiting in pecan trees
Resumen
Las necesidades de zinc (Zn) que tiene el nogal pecanero [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; lo ubican como uno de los micronutrimentos más requeridos por este árbol. Esto es presuntamente originado por su indisponibilidad en suelos calcáreos que predominan en el norte de México. En la actualidad la deficiencia de este elemento produce un decremento aproximado del 20 % en la producción y la calidad de la nuez. Las prácticas de manejo de este nutriente en las huertas nogaleras consisten en aplicaciones foliares; desde el periodo de brotación hasta el crecimiento rápido de fruto, aplicando productos de Zn, incluyendo sulfatos y quelatos. El presente escrito pone en relieve el estado del arte sobre la importancia del Zn en los procesos fisiológicos y bioquímicos; así como también las causas y corrección de su deficiencia y toxicidad en el cultivo del nogal pecanero. Se puede concluir que el Zn es un elemento esencial, que influye en los procesos de crecimiento y fructificación en el árbol de nogal pecanero, el cual si es aplicado foliarmente prevé y corrige la deficiencia que presente el árbol, pero si es aplicado edáficamente; la respuesta puede tardar algunos años.
Abstract
The need of Zinc (Zn) the pecan tree [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] has ranks Zinc as one of the most required micronutrients. This need is presumably caused by Zn unavailability in calcareous soils that predominate in the north of Mexico. Currently, the deficiency of this element causes an approximate 20% decrease in the production and quality of the pecan nut. The management practices of this nutrient in the pecan tree orchards consist in foliar applications, from sprouting to fruit’s rapid growth period, using Zn products, including sulfates and chelates. This article highlights the state of the art about the role that Zn plays in the physiological and biochemical processes, as well as the causes and correction of its deficiency and toxicity in pecan tree growing. It can be concluded that Zn is an essential element that influences the growth and fruiting processes of the pecan tree, which if applied foliar prevents and corrects the deficiency presented by the tree, but if it is edaphically applied then response may take some years.
Keywords: Carya illinoensis, indoleacetic acid, foliar fertilization, chelates.
Citas
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