Biocombustibles: estrategias limpias para combatir la crisis energética
Biofuels: clean strategies to fight the energy crisis
Resumen
México se encuentra ante una eventual crisis energética debido a la reducción en sus reservas probadas del petróleo, lo que ha tenido como consecuencia un incremento en los precios de los combustibles. Además, la utilización de este hidrocarburo ha generado emisión de gases con efecto invernadero, contribuyendo al cambio climático. Para solucionar este problema se requiere desarrollar tecnologías alternativas que nos permitan sustituir los combustibles derivados del petróleo. Estos hechos hacen evidente la necesidad de utilizar fuentes alternas de energía. Los biocombustibles son recursos energéticos producidos por el ser humano a partir de materias generadas por seres vivos, a las cuales se les denomina “biomasa”. Esta segunda generación de biocombustibles plantea el uso de lignocelulosa, que es el polímero más abundante sobre la superficie del planeta; para lograrlo se requiere del desarrollo biotecnológico que permita la despolimerización efectiva de la biomasa vegetal.
Abstract
Mexico is facing a possible energy crisis due to the reduction in proven reserves of oil and consequently, it has resulted in the increase in fuel prices. To solve this problem it requires developing alternative technologies that allow us to replace fuels from petroleum. Besides that, the use of this fuel has generated greenhouse gases emissions, contributing to the climate change. These facts make clear the need for alternative energy sources. Biofuels are a type of fuel whose energy is derived from living organisms called “biomass” and produced by human beings. These second-generation biofuels require the use of lignocellulose that is the most abundant polymer on the surface of the planet, to get this, it is required the development of a biotechnology process that allows the effective depolymerization of plant biomass.
Citas
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