Adiciones minerales como atenuantes de la reacción álcali sílice en estructuras de concreto hidráulico

Mineral admixtures as attenuators of the alkali silica reaction in Portland cement concrete structures

  • Cecilia Olague-Caballero Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
  • Gilberto Wenglas-Lara Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
  • Fernando Astorga-Bustillos Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
Palabras clave: mortero, expansión, micro sílice, ceniza volante clase F.

Resumen

La reacción álcali sílice (RAS) afecta la durabilidad de estructuras de concreto hidráulico, ocasionando deterioros prematuros en el concreto hecho con agregados pétreos reactivos. El objetivo fue evaluar el potencial de la RAS del concreto hidráulico elaborado con agregados pétreos de dos regiones de Chihuahua para proponer medidas preventivas contra la RAS. Se discuten conceptos básicos de la reacción y mecanismos de expansión, condiciones que dan lugar al desarrollo y sustentabilidad de la RAS en el concreto. Se evaluaron diferentes mezclas de mortero mediante la norma ASTM C1260. Se consideraron dos tipos de cemento que comúnmente se comercializan (alto y bajo en álcalis) y dos tipos de adiciones minerales (micro sílice y ceniza volante clase F) para elaborar barras de mortero y medir su expansión a los 16 días de su elaboración, colocadas a una temperatura de 80 °C y en una solución de hidróxido de sodio. Para la determinación de la expansión se utilizó el comparador de longitudes (ASTM C490). En el caso de la arena de Ciudad Juárez combinada con 15% de micro sílice y con 25% de ceniza volante clase F, resultó no reactiva, con límites de expansión menores al 0.1%, que es el límite máximo permisible. De manera análoga, la arena del río Satevó, combinada con 5% de micro sílice y 20% de ceniza volante clase F, resultó no reactiva. Se concluye que estas proporciones son recomendables para su aplicación en estructuras de la ciudad de Chihuahua.

Abstract

The alkali silica reaction (ASR) affects the durability of Portland cement concrete structures. It causes premature damages in structures made with Portland cement concrete in which is involved reactive aggregates. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of the ASR of Portland cement concrete with reactive aggregates of two regions of Chihuahua, in order to give alternatives to prevent the ASR were proposed. The issues discussed include basic concepts of reaction and expansion mechanisms, conditions that lead to the development and sustainability of ASR in the concrete. Several mixtures were evaluated by ASTM C1260. There were evaluated two types of cements that are commonly marketed (high and low in alkalis) and two types of mineral admixtures (silica fume and class F fly ash) were used to produce mortar bars samples. These samples were placed at a temperature of 80 °C and into a solution of sodium hydroxide for 16 days. After that, the expansion was measured (ASTM C490). In the case of Juarez city sand, it was mixed with 15% silica fume and 25% fly ash class F; the expansion was lower than 0.1%, which is the maximum allowable limit to be considered as reactive. In a similar way, Satevo river sand mixed with 5% silica fume and 20% fly ash class F was not reactive. It was concluded that these proportions are recommended for using in Portland cement structures.

Keywords: mortar, expansion, silica fume, fly ash class F.

Citas

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Publicado
2020-11-03
Cómo citar
Olague-Caballero, C., Wenglas-Lara, G., & Astorga-Bustillos, F. (2020). Adiciones minerales como atenuantes de la reacción álcali sílice en estructuras de concreto hidráulico: Mineral admixtures as attenuators of the alkali silica reaction in Portland cement concrete structures. TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua, 6(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v6i1.687