Asimetría de la masa, fuerza y potencia muscular de los miembros inferiores de estudiantes universitarios

Asymmetry of the mass, muscle strength and power of the lower limbs of college students

  • Ramón Candia-Luján Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
  • José Antonio De la Paz-Fernández Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
Palabras clave: dominante, no dominante, asimetría bilateral, miembros inferiores

Resumen

Cuando la asimetría funcional bilateral, diferencia entre el lado dominante y el no dominante, está por encima de los niveles normales puede propiciar lesiones osteomusculares, sobre todo si se trata de los miembros inferiores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la asimetría de la masa, fuerza máxima y potencia muscular de los miembros inferiores de 24 estudiantes universitarios. La masa muscular se determinó por medio de una absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA), la fuerza máxima con una repetición máxima (1-RM) en sentadilla unilateral en máquina Smith. La potencia muscular se evaluó utilizando un encoder (transductor de posición lineal) con cargas del 30, 40, 50, 60 y 70% de la 1-RM. La masa muscular de la pierna dominante fue 5.42 ± 1.42 kg mientras que para la no dominante fue de 5.37 ± 1.46 kg. La fuerza máxima de la pierna dominante fue 93.2 ± 20 kg y para la no dominante 90.8 ± 21 kg. Al igual que en las anteriores variables en la potencia muscular no hubo diferencia significativa entre la pierna dominante y no dominante con ninguna de las cargas evaluadas, la máxima potencia se alcanzó con las cargas del 60 y 70% de la 1-RM. Los sujetos evaluados no presentaron diferencia significativa entre el lado dominante y el no dominante, por lo que el nivel de asimetría en la masa, fuerza máxima y potencia muscular es baja.

Abstract

When the bilateral functional asymmetry, difference between the dominant and non-dominant side, is above normal levels can promote musculoskeletal injuries, especially when it comes to the lower limbs. The aim of this study was to determine the asymmetry of the mass, maximum strength and power muscle of the lower limbs of 24 college students. Muscle mass was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the maximum strength with a one repetition maximum (1-RM) in unilateral squat in Smith machine. The muscle strength was evaluated using an encoder (linear position transducer) with 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% of 1-RM loads. The muscle mass of the dominant leg was 5.42 ± 1.42 kg while for the non-dominant 5.37 ± 1.46 kg. The maximum strength of the dominant leg was 93.2 ± 20 kg and for non-dominant 90.8 ± 21 kg. As in the above mentioned variables in muscle power was no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant leg to any of the charges assessed, maximum muscle power was reached with loads of 60 and 70% of 1-RM The subjects tested showed no significant difference between dominant and non- dominant side, so that the level of asymmetry in the mass, maximum strength and muscle power is low.

Keywords: dominant, non-dominant, bilateral asymmetry and lower limb.

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Publicado
2020-07-10
Cómo citar
Candia-Luján, R., & De la Paz-Fernández, J. A. (2020). Asimetría de la masa, fuerza y potencia muscular de los miembros inferiores de estudiantes universitarios: Asymmetry of the mass, muscle strength and power of the lower limbs of college students. TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua, 9(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v9i1.599