Metalofármacos en la terapia contra el cáncer
Metallopharmaceuticals in cancer therapy
Resumen
Los metales con fines curativos se han utilizado desde las civilizaciones antiguas (china, egipcia, griega y romana). El cobre se usaba para esterilizar heridas, el oro para tratar la piel de las personas con viruela y la plata para curar heridas e infecciones. Actualmente, diversos compuestos inorgánicos se utilizan en el tratamiento de distintas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, algunas sales de aluminio, bismuto, calcio, magnesio y sodio se utilizan para los padecimientos estomacales. En cuanto al cáncer, el cisplatino fue el primer fármaco metálico utilizado en los tratamientos de quimioterapia. Además, se sabe que el trióxido de arsénico es un metalofármaco utilizado para tratar pacientes con leucemia. Incluso, otros metalofármacos a base de paladio y rutenio son excelentes agentes anticancerígenos activados por la luz que han sido aprobados en fases avanzadas de ensayos clínicos. Por lo tanto, el uso de metalofármacos en la terapia del cáncer se ha estudiado desde la década de 1960 hasta la actualidad. Durante este período, los científicos han buscado nuevos metalofármacos más eficaces, más selectivos y con menos efectos secundarios. Los esfuerzos han llevado a la consideración de una amplia variedad de metales en la tabla periódica, los cuales se discutirán en este artículo.
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